Effects and Diagnostic Approach of Ultrasound in Veterinary Practice: A Systematic Review

Abstract

In medicine, ultrasonography is being used more and more for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is critical that medical professionals and scientists involved in this sector comprehend the biological effects of ultrasound because it has the potential to irreversibly harm biological tissues at high exposure levels. This article examines the fundamental concepts of thermal mechanics and the physical interactions between biological tissues and ultrasound. In order to clarify the biological impacts of ultrasound both in vitro and in vivo, negative health outcomes from animal, cell, and clinical research are examined. Sound waves that are higher than the 20–20,000 Hertz frequency range that humans can typically hear are referred to as ultrasound. Following the sound's reflection off the reflective surface, the ultrasonic transducer produces sound waves (pulse) and receives the sound beam (echo). There is a crystal or piezoelectric substance in the transducer that can transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. Diagnostic ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that uses the pulse-echo principle to create images of the inside of the body. Compared to other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance, it is affordable, portable, and radiation-free. The capacity of this imaging method to examine a patient's anatomy and physiology in real time makes it unique and offers a significant, quick, and non-invasive evaluation method.