Non-Equilibrium Allometric Scaling and Bioenergetic Information Routing: A Comparative Science 4.0 Framework for Cellular Resilience Across Mammalian Phyla

Abstract

Classical biological allometry historically formalizes metabolic rate scaling through empirical power laws, most notably Kleiber's law (B proportional to M^(3/4)), yet fails to explain the non-equilibrium thermodynamic mechanisms and information-theoretic constraints governing cellular survival during severe hypoxia across different mammalian species. In this paper, we integrate non-equilibrium thermodynamics and Shannon communication theory into comparative animal biology under the Science 4.0 framework. We model intracellular metabolic routing through coupled thermodynamic flux equations and formalize the cellular Bioenergetic Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR_bio) at mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites (MAMs). Our derivations demonstrate that mass-specific basal metabolic rate (B/M proportional to M^(-1/4)) directly dictates the basal entropy production rate (sigma_ent) and the operational signaling bandwidth (Delta_f). While smaller mammals exhibit higher channel capacity (C) under homeostatic baselines to support rapid enzymatic turnover, their microvascular networks experience accelerated informational collapse (C -> 0, SNR_bio < 3.0 dB) during acute substrate deprivation. Conversely, larger phyla and hypoxia-tolerant comparative models (e.g., Heterocephalus glaber) display structurally dampened thermodynamic dissipation and lower baseline oxidative noise, preserving homeostatic channel capacity. Establishing this comparative Science 4.0 framework provides evolutionary and veterinary biology with a predictive biophysical metric of cellular resilience and targeted bioenergetic rescue across mammalian taxa.