Scientific Methods based on Histories and Expansions of Scientific Theories

Abstract

This study analyzed methods for approaching scientific and propositional knowledge whose truth can be discriminated from falsehood. To do so, it briefly investigated the following types of arguments: (1) arguments based on formal logic which focus on the ahistorical, fixed, and static universe instead of the historical universe, and justifies previously established assertions; (2) arguments based on abduction and analogy which historically emphasize generation and discovery of a hypothesis; and (3) dialectical arguments based on non-formal logic which focus on the existing and evolving universe.

Furthermore, it examined analogical and dialectical logic that is slightly reflected in the Newtonian mechanics presented after the Scientific Revolution, and the qualitative integration of essential theories on modern science represented by the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.