Study of Risk Factors for Morbidity in Emergency Abdominal Laparoscopy Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Emergency laparoscopy is regarded as a challenging and high-risk domain due to the requisite expertise in both laparoscopic and emergency surgery. Additionally, the physical fatigue of surgical teams and the urgency context contribute to potential increased morbidity rates in emergency surgery. Furthermore, a primary concern with laparoscopy is the frequency of deep collections. The objective of our study was to evaluate the risk factors for morbi-mortality associated with laparoscopic intervention in non-traumatic acute abdominal emergencies. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, prospective, evaluative study was conducted between February 2018 and October 2021, encompassing 337 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for non-traumatic acute abdominal emergencies. Results: Among the 337 operated patients, perioperative morbidity was 0.3%, and postoperative morbidity was 6.2% (21 patients). These postoperative complications were classified as grade I in 85.71% of cases (18 patients). The mean age of the patients was 38 years ± 15 years. Body mass index (BMI) was above 25 in 179 patients (53.11%). The mean operative time across all pathologies was 52.09 minutes ± 24.14 minutes (Range: 14-178 minutes). The average overall hospitalization duration was 1.5 days (Range: 1 to 8.5 days).The only factor correlated with the occurrence of postoperative complications was obesity (p=0.003). Conclusion: Emergency laparoscopy does not exacerbate morbidity and can be safely performed for the management of acute abdominal emergencies.