Autism Added to Behavioral Profile of Vincent van Gogh

Abstract

A neglected yet foundational diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is added to the differential diagnosis of the many medical and psychiatric diagnoses that have been utilized to explain the unique and unusual persona of Vincent van Gogh. From his earliest years, Van Gogh exhibited the salient features of ASD (formerly Asperger Disorder), which resulted in volatile and alienating relationships with family, friends, art colleagues, and residents of the communities in which he resided. This diagnosis provides a framework for deepening our understanding of the multi-dimensional medical and psychiatric struggles that Van Gogh endured with resiliency and heroic effort. His profound loneliness caused by his inability to display empathy and social reciprocity did not ultimately stop him from pursuing family reconciliation, enduring friendships, love and ultimately marriage. We know that autistic adults have similar desires as their neurotypical peers to lead fulfilling lives, which includes romantic and other meaningful relationships.