Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Bioethical and Legal Challenges in the Brazilian Context

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed, expanding from basic machine reasoning in the 1950s to modern techniques like machine learning and generative AI. These advancements have enabled important healthcare applications such as diagnostic imaging, telemedicine, patient monitoring, and drug discovery. Despite improved efficiency and accuracy, AI introduces ethical and legal concerns including data privacy, informed consent, fairness, liability, and cybersecurity. Effective regulation is needed to address these challenges and support responsible use of AI in healthcare.